Can Hybrid Cars Reduce the Dependency on Fossil Fuels Free Essays

Can Hybrid Cars Reduce The Dependency On Fossil Fuels? I am going to talk about hybrid cars and can they reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The hybrid cars manufactures that I’m going to use is Toyota, Honda Can hybrid cars reduce the dependency on fossil fuels? Hybrid cars can reduce the dependency of fossil fuels because it would stand between the consuming world and its gas guzzling cars by replacing them with fuel efficient hybrid cars. Hybrid cars have lower level of gasoline consumption, therefore environmentally friendly causing less pollution then gasoline- powered cars. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Hybrid Cars Reduce the Dependency on Fossil Fuels or any similar topic only for you Order Now They beat electric cars by a long run which gives about 50 – 100 miles in-between    battery charges that require many hours to fully charge up. Even then electric cars made it possible to have development towards hybrid cars. Toyota Prius was the first passenger car with hybrid technology which was brought forth in Japan in 1997. Toyota and Honda introduced hybrid cars to the American markets in the beginning of 1999. Hybrid car are a combination of gasoline and electric powered car. Hybrid cars consist of a internal combustion engine that is small and fuel efficient. The hybrid cars internal combustion engine is assisted by the electric motor when the car is accelerating. The electric motor is generated by rechargeable batteries that automatically recharges when the car is being driven. The Toyota and Honda hybrids work and operate in a similar manner. The engine for gasoline    is smaller then the regular conventional cars. Essentially Toyota and Honda hybrids fellow the same concepts as most hybrids, It receives backup energy from the electric motor gets energy that the motor needs to help the engine when accelerating there for not consuming a large quantity of gasoline. However the Toyota and Honda hybrids also have a different source of generating energy. When the driver hits his or her breaks the kinetic energy created by the heat and friction of the break is claimed by the electric motor and stored in the batteries. Then it comes to transmissions most hybrids and conventional cars are alike. However the Prius has an additional generator and a circle gear complex to make a controlled, yet continues variable transmission, taking away the need for any conventional manual or automatic transmission which use up unnecessary amount of energy that go to waste. The early hybrid gave about fifty to sixty miles per gallon. The exhaust pollution was almost eliminated and also the acceleration of the hybrids were far bettered then the non-hybrid cars. By 2008 almost all car manufactures offered hybrid model cars along with a few sports hybrid cars. Many of the sports hybrid cars however did not give as much mileage and more expensive then the conventional cars. The federal government offers a good amount of tax credits to purchaser of hybrid cars. The key to the future of hybrid–car development lies in battery technology. The early hybrids resembled the old conventional electrical system that ran with lead-acid batteries. These lead-acid batteries were bulky and carried a heavy weight and were a major factor in holding back the development of hybrid and electric cars. Most of the current hybrids contain nickel metal hydride batteries, which are smaller, lighter, and more powerful. However the cost is a big factor in this development. Nonetheless most car manufacturers are focusing on lithium-ion batteries. The way to using lithium-ion batteries on hybrid cars has opened up promise the development to a generation of new hybrid vehicles. This development of lithium-ion batteries on hybrid cars allows the capability of the cars to be plug in hybrids. The car will have extended distance without the help of their gasoline engine. This development has made hybrid cars more affordable. In the big picture if our country in whole used more hybrid cars in our day to day life it would be just that much less gasoline we would not me using. If there if do get a hybrid car in the long run you a creating a clean friendly environment and saving less trips to the gas pumps, which mean more money in your pockets. Who doesn’t want that with all the rising high gas prices and our economic condition? We need to put more hybrid cars on the road so we are use less gas and better our economy as a whole. How to cite Can Hybrid Cars Reduce the Dependency on Fossil Fuels, Papers

The Kite Runner Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Research Paper Example

The Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Paper The Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is an award-winning novel and considered one of today’s most popular, contemporary classics. The story is one of familiar themes such as loyalty, forgiveness, betrayal, love, and redemption. It follows the tale of Amir and how he must atone for his sins and find a way to â€Å"be good again† (Hosseini 2). The quintessential message of this book relies on the idea of second chances. Themes of redemption, betrayal, loyalty, and forgiveness are not only shown without doubt through this book, but are also common among many literary works and religions. Hosseini is successful in showing the significance of these themes throughout the novel. The Kite Runner begins with a nameless narrator who immediately refers back to an incident that made him â€Å"become what I am today†(Hosseini 1). The narrator starts to recall a flashback and begins his story when he was a child. He admits that he regrets some things he did in his childhood and has been, â€Å"peeking into the that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years† (Hosseini 1): he has a guilty conscience. He bemoans this fact and shares this with no one. The narrator is named Amir, who is the protagonist of the story. Although he’s not the most supportive character in the book, Amir is the one the reader feels the most emotion towards. His characteristics are revealed when he is faced with an ultimatum to either to help his friend Hassan or run away. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Amir chooses: â€Å"In the end, I ran. I ran because I was a coward. I was afraid of getting hurt,† which shows how Amir isn’t the most sympathetic or brave character in the book (Hosseini 77). He is changed after this event and is racked by a guilty conscience for the rest of his life. Amir isn’t heartless, but a conflicted character who is extremely cowardly and is raised to believe his friend is a servant of a lower social class. Amir’s actions are never justified, but the reader can see how Amir struggles between the logical and emotional sides of his being. Amir epitomizes the theme of redemption in how after his betrayal, he returns to Afghanistan to rescue Hassan’s son Sohrab just as Hassan had rescued him so many times during their childhood. Meghan O’Rourke, in an online article titled â€Å"The Kite Runner: Do I really have to read it? ,† states that most Americans â€Å"avoid foreign literature like the plague,† but for The Kite Runner it was the â€Å"struggle of personal recovery and unconditional love, couched in redemptive language [which made it] immediately legible to Americans. She also comments that this novel â€Å"remind[s] us that we are all human alike, fighting similar daily and lifelong battles, just in different circumstances. † Hosseini’s method has proven to be effective in how so many Americans have read his book. By using familiar situations, people can connect to the novel and see how prevalent the themes of redemption and forgiveness are. Hosseini’s fictional w riting makes many readers, regardless of country, culture, and religion, feel ashamed of their own betrayals as well as uplifted by Amir’s redemption. In this book, many events occur where the reader will experience many emotions and thoughts through the author’s descriptive narrative. One event stands out above the rest which is the rape scene where Amir says, â€Å"[I] almost said something†¦I didn’t†¦I just watched. Paralyzed†¦I was weeping†(Hosseini 73). At this turning point in the novel, many characters are changed and essential facts about the characters are uncovered. For example, Amir is faced with a guilty conscience and obsession for the rest of his life after this brutal crime, which ultimately changes him forever. This event also conveys Hassan’s loyal character, which is evidenced when he refuses to give up Amir’s kite. Assef and his gang remark â€Å"A loyal Hazara. Loyal as a dog†(Hosseini 72). This event further shows how Hassan demonstrates the theme of loyalty and his unconditional love for his friend. This incident reveals several key themes, symbols, and details about the main characters in the novel. Harvey Freedenberg in an online article titled â€Å"The Kite Runner,† says that Hosseini â€Å"demonstrates striking skill at melding a page-turning story with intensely involving characters and conflicts. He says what makes people love the book so much is, â€Å" that it wrestles with themes†¦ [Of] friendship, betrayal, the relationship between fathers and sons, the quest for redemption and the power of forgiveness. † Erin Miller in an online article titled â€Å"Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini† complements Freedenberg’s analysis by saying that another reason why so many people love this book is that â€Å"The core story could be set in any culture because it deals with issues that are universal,† so readers can relate to the familiar themes. This view is carried out with the supportive character, Hassan, who plays a significant role in the novel by representing a Christ figure who is forever forgiving of Amir. Hassan is the, â€Å"harelipped kite runner† whose only friend is Amir (Hosseini 2). Hassan demonstrates the themes of second chances and forgiveness through his actions of kindness. For example, when Assef and his gang come to torment Amir, Hassan comes to the rescue with his slingshot. Although Amir never considers him to be his friend, Hassan proves to be a flawless servant to his half-brother, even after Amir betrays him. Throughout the story, Amir remembers Hassan by his kind-hearted phrase, â€Å"For you, a thousand times over,† which evidences how magnanimous and unselfish Hassan’s character is (Hosseini 2). Amir admits when they were children that, â€Å"Hassan never wanted to, but†¦[he] wouldn’t deny me† and that he, â€Å"never told on me† which again shows how loyal Hassan is (Hosseini 4). Toward the end of the book, Hassan is murdered for standing up for something that was rightfully Amir’s and being â€Å"a liar and a thief like all Hazaras† (Hosseini 219). This further clarifies Hassan as a Christ figure in how he is killed for being accused of a crime under false pretenses. Hosseini uses this character to get his themes across to the reader, which are loyalty, the idea of giving second chances and being able to forgive. After Amir commits his cowardly act of leaving Hassan in the alleyway, he goes one step further by doing what he thinks is the solution to his tense relationship with Hassan. In the movie adaptation of the novel directed by Marc Forster, Amir carries out his solution when he explains, â€Å"I lifted Hassan’s mattress and planted my new watch and a handful of Afghani bills under it,† and confesses that, â€Å"[I did] what I hoped would be the last in a long line of shameful lies. † By making it look like Hassan stole Amir’s belongings, Amir hoped his father would then dismiss Ali and Hassan of their servant positions. Amir exemplifies Hosseini’s theme of betrayal as he continues to commit all these appalling actions. Amir’s betrayal captivates the reader and makes the theme even more powerful and realistic. When Hassan is asked if he stole from Amir, he lies and replies with a yes. To Amir’s demise, Baba forgives them, but Hassan respects Amir’s wish and convinces Baba that they have to leave. This dramatic scene is one of Hassan’s last acts of loyalty. Hassan epitomizes loyalty in how he makes a, â€Å"final sacrifice for [Amir]† by telling a lie and protecting Amir’s already uneasy relationship with his father (Hosseini 105). Amir admits,â€Å"I loved him in that moment, loved him more than I’d loved anyone,† and that Hassan was â€Å"rescuing me once again, maybe for the last time† (Hosseini 105). Hassan proves to be the perfect servant, friend, and rescuer even after all the horrible monstrosities Amir does to him. Somehow Hassan continues to forgive and be forever loyal to Amir. This scene shows a multitude of things and the biggest one is the full extent of Hassan’s loyalty and forgiveness. Hosseini uses this powerful not only to reveal the true characteristics of his characters, but to again reinforce his quintessential themes. Hosseini’s dramatic story and themes has made such an impact that Attia Nasar in an online article titled â€Å"‘Kite Runner’ Expresses Loyalty to Friends and Family,† says that â€Å"This book and movie showed me the way that I should be in any relationship,† and that it, â€Å"taught me to give my self 110% to everyone. † She concludes that, â€Å"Sure, you might get hurt, but its better than closing the rest of the world out. † Hosseini has gone above and beyond his potential if he can actually compel readers like Attia Nasar to change their lifestyle in a positive way because of his powerful themes and characters. Attia Nasar proves just how influential this novel is and how Hosseini is victorious in showing the importance of loyalty, redemption, and forgiveness. In this novel almost every character, major or minor, demonstrate themes of forgiveness, loyalty, and redemption. When Amir matures into an adult, he finds out that his own father, Baba, betrayed his best friend by sleeping with Ali’s wife. Baba represents both forgiveness and the search for redemption. For example, after Baba finds out about Hassan stealing Amir’s watch and money he forgives Hassan even after all the times he said, â€Å"There is no act more wretched than stealing† (Hosseini 106). Baba’s kind-hearted treatment toward Hassan and Ali is his attempt at making amends for his betrayal that no one knows about. Amir betrays Hassan just as Baba betrayed Ali, and like Baba, Amir must suffer for what he did and pay retribution. Ali, Hassan’s father, is forgiving and forever grateful to Baba for taking care of him and his son. For instance, when Ali finds out about Amir’s framing of Hassan, he doesn’t speak up and respects Amir’s wish for them to leave. He too like his son, protects Amir’s relationship with Baba. Both Amir and Hassan follow in their fathers’ footsteps and create almost a cycle of betrayal, loyalty and forgiveness. Another character who talks a lot about forgiveness is Baba’s business partner, Rahim Khan. He is the one that convinces Amir to â€Å"Come. There is a way to be good again† (Hosseini 192). He believes that God will forgive all who ask for forgiveness, but it is the people who have a hard time forgiving. Theses characters support Hosseini’s themes and make them even more poignant. Along with the themes presented in The Kite Runner comes a sort of voice of Afghanistan. Edward Hower, in an online article titled â€Å"The Servant,† says â€Å"Hosseini gives us a vivid and engaging story that reminds us how long his people have been struggling to triumph over the forces of violence forces that continue to threaten them even today. † He is saying that the author not only tried to present the themes of redemption and forgiveness, but tell Americans and the world about the atrocities in Afghanistan. Robert Morace, in another online article titled â€Å"The Kite Runner,† explains how Hosseini used fiction in order to demonstrate a people â€Å"vying for the short attention span of and American public. By tying in real events in his country, Hosseini’s themes become even more powerful and appealing. Hosseini complements his themes with a multitude of evocative descriptions, sentiments and feelings through his literary style. The reader distinguishes some of these powerful elements through Amir’s dialogue. For example, i n the beginning when Amir observes, â€Å"it’s wrong what they say about the past†¦Because the past claws its way out,† the reader catches a glimpse of Hosseini’s compelling style (Hosseini 1). The author uses pathos to create an emotional experience for the reader, which is another factor that is used to help show redemption and forgiveness. This style makes his themes more riveting and realistic. Hosseini’s style helps define his overall message and engrosses the reader in his writing to make the story more believable. In the end when Amir rescues Sohrab from Assef, it is not enough to redeem him. When Amir finds out about his dad’s betrayal of Ali and Hassan, he understands that everything about his father was wrong. Amir feels betrayed after finding out this information, but this still does not justify the betrayal of Hassan. Only after Amir takes Sohrab home to America and provide Hassan’s son with a chance at happiness does Amir take the necessary steps toward redemption. The author emphasizes exactly what it takes to redeem oneself through what Amir has to go through in the story. Hosseini is successful in showing the importance of forgiveness, loyalty, and redemption. Amir’s cowardly actions and mistakes in the past lead to his uest to atone for his sins, which he himself says that must be done in order to be good again. Hassan never forgets his friendship with Amir even after the betrayal in the alley and proves to be loyal to the end. Through these characters, the author demonstrates these quintessential themes. Word Count: 2151 Works Cited Forster, Marc. dir. The Kite Runner. DreamWorks, 2007. Film. Freedenberg, Harvey. â€Å"The Kite Runner. †bookreporter. The Book R eport, n. d.. Web. 14 February 2010. Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. New York: Riverhead Books, 2003. Print. Hower, Edward. â€Å" The Servant. † nytimes. The New York Times, 3 August 2003. Web. 14 February 2010. Miller, Erin. â€Å"Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. † bestsellers. about. New York Times Company, n. d. Web. 14 February 2010. Morace, Robert. â€Å" The Kite Runner. † Magill’s Literary Annual 2004: Literary Reference Center. EBSCO, n. d.. Web. 4 February 2010. Nasar, Attia. â€Å"‘Kite Runner’ Expresses Loyalty to Friends and Family. † uctangerine. n. p.. 6 March 2008. Web. 18 March 2010. ORourke, Meghan. â€Å" The Kite Runner: Do I really have to read it? † Slate. Washington Post. Newsweek Interactive Co, 25 July 2005. Web. 14 February 2010.

SESION 2 Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

SESION 2 Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers SESION 2 PADRES BUENOS VS PADRES RESPONSABLES PADRES BUENOS PADRES RESPONSABLES Puede convertirse en su esclavo. Asume toda la responsabilidad de lo que su hijo hace. Sobreprotege al hijo de toda posible consecuencia. Es controlar y no saber respetar. Domina y cuida mucho su imagen. Envia el mensaje de "No confio en ti". Cree que debe ser perfecto Permite al hijo tomar decisiones. Es firme sin ser dominante. Confia en que su hijo aprende de las consecuencias. Construye relaciones basadas en la confianza y responsabilidad. Escucha, apoya, estimula, ofrece alternativas. Usa mensajes de "Creo y confia en ti". Se reconoce humano e imperfecto. A CTITUDES NEGATIVAS Expe ctativas negativas Objetivos desproporcionados Incitacion a la competencia Demasiada ambicion Comportamiento inconsistente A CTITUDES POSITIVAS Aceptar a los hijos tal y como son y no como pudieran ser Ser positivo Tenga fe en el nino para que el o ella la tenga en si mismos. Reconozca las contribuciones, habilidades y puntos fuertes Reconozca el esfuerzo y el progreso tanto como el resultado final. Estimule en vez de elogiar EL LENGUAJE ESPECIAL DE LA ESTIMULACION Demuestra aceptacion y confianza. Enfatizan habilidades, aprecio y contribucion. Reconocen el esfuerzo y progreso. AUTOESTIMA Estimular en lugar de elogiar ELOGIO Enfoque Mensaje Posible Resultado Su valor depende de los demas Eres valioso cuando haces lo que quiero. Mide el valor aceptando o rebelandose Resalta la evaluacion externa Para ser valioso debes de complacerme Teme el rechazo y complace. Vale solo el trabajo completo, perfecto. Solo vales si cumples mis expectativas Teme al fracaso, perfeccionista. Resalta el auto encubrimiento Debes ser el mejor, superior Vive en competencia, a expensas de los demas. ESTIMULO Enfoque Mensaje Posible Resultado Resalta habilidades. Confio en ti. Responsabilidad y confianza en si mismo. Resalta evaluacion interna. Lo mas importante es como te sientes. Evalua progresos y toma decisiones. Reconoce esfuerzo y mejoria. No tienes que ser perfecto. Reconoce su esfuerzo y persevera. Resalta cualidades y contribuciones. Aprecio lo que haces. Usa sus habilidades para el bien comun. TAREA DE LA SEMANA ESTIMULAR CON EL LENGUAJE. Evite "Dar con una mano y quitar con la otra" con frases como: Que bien te quedo, Por que no lo haces asi siempre? Ya era hora Fijate lo que puedes hacer, cuando quieres

Life and Work of H.L. Mencken, Writer and Social Critic

Life and Work of H.L. Mencken, Writer and Social Critic H.L. Mencken was an American author and editor who rose to prominence in the 1920s. For a time, Mencken was considered one of the sharpest observers of American life and culture. His prose contained countless quotable phrases that worked their way into the national discourse. During his lifetime, the Baltimore native was often called The Sage of Baltimore. Often regarded as a wildly controversial figure, Mencken was known for expressing strident  opinions that were difficult to categorize. He commented on political issues in a syndicated newspaper column and exerted influence on modern literature through a popular magazine he co-edited, The American Mercury. Fast Facts: H.L. Mencken Known As: The Sage of BaltimoreOccupation: Writer, editorBorn: September 12, 1880 in Baltimore, MarylandEducation: Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (high school)Died: January 29, 1956 in Baltimore, MarylandFun Fact: Ernest Hemingway made mention of Menckens influence in his novel The Sun Also Rises, in which protagonist Jake Barnes reflects, So many young men get their likes and dislikes from Mencken. Early Life and Career Henry Louis Mencken was born September 12, 1880 in Baltimore, Maryland. His grandfather, who had emigrated from Germany in the 1840s, prospered in the tobacco business. Menckens father, August, was also in the tobacco business, and young Henry grew up in a comfortable middle class home. As a child, Mencken was sent to a private school operated by a German professor. As a teen he moved on to a public high school, the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated at the age of 16. His education was focused on science and mechanics, subjects that would prepare him for a career in manufacturing, Yet Mencken was far more fascinated by writing and the study of literature. He credited his love of writing to his childhood discovery of Mark Twain, and especially Twains classic novel,  Huckleberry Finn. Mencken grew into an avid reader and aspired to be a writer. His father, however, had other ideas. He wanted his son to follow him into the tobacco business, and for a few years, Mencken worked for his father. However, when Mencken was 18, his father died, and he took it as a chance to follow his ambition. He presented himself at the office of a local newspaper, The Herald, and asked for a job. He was turned down at first, but persisted and eventually landed a job writing for the paper. An energetic and quick learner, Mencken quickly rose to be the Heralds city editor and ultimately the editor. Journalism Career In 1906, Mencken moved to the Baltimore Sun, which became his professional home for most of the rest of his life. At the Sun, he was offered the chance to write his own column, titled The Freelance. As a columnist, Mencken developed a style in which he attacked what he perceived as ignorance and bombast. Much of his writing targeted what he considered mediocrity in politics and culture, often delivering cutting satire in carefully crafted essays. Mencken blasted those he considered hypocrites, which often included sanctimonious religious figures and politicians. As his scathing prose appeared in magazines nationwide, he attracted a following of readers who saw him as an honest appraiser of American society. When World War I broke out, Mencken, who was very proud of his German roots and skeptical of the British, seemed to be on the wrong side of mainstream American opinion. He was somewhat sidelined during controversies about his loyalty, especially after the United States entered the war, but his career rebounded in the 1920s. Fame and Controversy In the summer of 1925, when a Tennessee schoolteacher, John Scopes, was put on trial for teaching about the theory of evolution, Mencken traveled to Dayton, Tennessee to cover his trial. His dispatches were syndicated to newspapers around the country. The noted orator and political figure William Jennings Bryan had been brought in as a special prosecutor for the case. Mencken gleefully mocked him and his fundamentalist followers. Menckens reporting on the Scopes Trial was widely read, and citizens of the Tennessee town hosting the trial were outraged. On July 17, 1925, the New York Times published a  dispatch from Dayton  topped with the following stacked headlines: Mencken Epithets Rouse Daytons Ire, Citizens Resent Being Called Babbitts, Morons, Peasants, Hill-Billies, and Yokels, and Talk of Beating Him Up. Shortly after the conclusion of the trial, William Jennings Bryan died. Mencken, who had reviled Bryan in life, wrote a brutally shocking appraisal of him. In the essay, titled In Memoriam: W.J.B., Mencken attacked the recently departed Bryan without mercy, dismantling Bryans reputation in classic Mencken style: If the fellow was sincere, then so was P. T. Barnum. The word is disgraced and degraded by such uses. He was, in fact, a charlatan, a mountebank, a zany without sense or dignity. Menckens skewering of Bryan seemed to define his role in the America of the Roaring Twenties. Savage opinions written in elegant prose brought him fans, and his rebellion against what he saw as Puritanical ignorance inspired readers. The American Mercury While writing his syndicated newspaper column, Mencken held a second and equally demanding job as a co-editor, with his friend George Jean Nathan, of the literary magazine The American Mercury. The magazine published short fiction as well as journalism, and generally featured articles and pieces of criticism by Mencken. The magazine became known for publishing the work of major American writers of the era, including  William Faulkner,  F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, and  W.E.B. Du Bois. In 1925, an issue of The American Mercury was banned in Boston when a short story in it was deemed to be immoral. Mencken traveled to Boston and personally sold a copy of the issue to one of the censors so he could be arrested (as a crowd of college students cheered him on). He was acquitted and widely praised for his defense of freedom of the press. Mencken resigned from the editorship of the American Mercury in 1933, at a time when his political views were seen as getting more conservative and out of touch with progressive readers. Mencken expressed open contempt for  President Franklin D. Roosevelt  and endlessly mocked and condemned the programs of the  New Deal. The eloquent rebel of the 1920s had turned into a grumpy reactionary as the country suffered during the Great Depression. The American Language Mencken had always been deeply interested in the development of language, and in 1919 had published a book, The American Language, which documented how words came into use by Americans. In the 1930s, Mencken returned to his work documenting language. He encouraged readers to send him examples of words in various regions of the country, and busied himself with that research. A greatly enlarged fourth edition of  The American Language  was published in 1936. He later updated the work with supplements published as separate volumes. Menckens research on how Americans changed and used the English language is dated by now, of course, but it is still informative and often very entertaining. Memoirs and Legacy Mencken had been friendly with Harold Ross, the editor of The New Yorker, and Ross, in the 1930s, encouraged Mencken to write autobiographical essays for the magazine. In a series of articles, Mencken wrote about his childhood in Baltimore, his raucous years as a young journalist, and his adult career as an editor and columnist. The articles were eventually published as a series of three books,  Happy Days,  Newspaper Days, and  Heathen Days. In 1948 Mencken, keeping to his long tradition, covered both major party political conventions and wrote syndicated dispatches about what he had seen. Late that year he suffered a stroke from which he only partly recovered. He had difficulty speaking, and his ability to read and write had been lost. He lived quietly in his house in Baltimore, visited by friends, including William Manchester, who would write the first major biography of Mencken. He died on January 29, 1956. Though he had been out of the public eye for years, his death was  reported as front-page news  by the New York Times. In the decades since his death, Menckens legacy has been widely debated. There is no doubt he was a writer of great talent, but his display of bigoted attitudes surely diminished his reputation. Sources Mencken, H. L. Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of American Literature, vol. 3, Gale, 2009, pp. 1112-1116. Gale Virtual Reference Library.  Berner, R. Thomas. Mencken, H. L. (1880–1956). St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 3, St. James Press, 2013, pp. 543-545.  Henry Louis Mencken. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 10, Gale, 2004, pp. 481-483.  Manchester, William.  The Life and Riotous Times of H.L. Mencken. Rosetta Books, 2013.Mencken, H. L., and Alistair Cooke.  The Vintage Mencken. Vintage, 1990.

Anthropogenic climate change and its effects Research Paper

Anthropogenic climate change and its effects - Research Paper Example Despite the fact, that many European and Western countries have ensured strict measures against growing population yet many Asian, African and Latin American countries in the world have failed to understand the same (DiMento & Doughman, 2007). Despite the fact that these people present great opportunities for the nations in form of young working people, youth, which is full of energy, and contribute to overall economic growth of country; however, on a global basis, every human is brining with himself the potential to create more pollution and climatic damage to the planet earth (Hansjurgens & Antes, 2008). As mentioned earlier that this is one of the toughest choices because by restricting their populations these underdeveloped countries will put a brake on their future development and growth since without work force the same would not be possible. However, in order to ensure that the planet is face, it is important to undertake this decision (Bulkeley & Betsill, 2005). One of the bi ggest sources of pollution and climatic change has its roots in the greed of humankind in electricity generation, which not only disturb the atmosphere of earth but also disturbs the land as well. We are quickly running out of the world’s fuel resources and our hunger of exploring more fuels and consuming them is creating more pollutants and dangerous gases (Hoffman & Woody, 2008). Therefore, another decision would be to use solar energy all over the world to meet the energy requirements of the planet. Estimates indicate that the total energy which can be created by all of sun rays that are aimed at our planet in 24 hours are more than enough to meet the energy requirements of this planet for more than an year (Letcher, 2009). However, for implementing the same many countries will have to divert their funds from other developmental and non-developmental expenses to the creation, manufacturing, and use of solar energy systems (Hansjurgens & Antes, 2008). Furthermore, like the United States and other Western countries, these countries will have to ensure that tax exemptions and other economic measures are taken to pursue people for buying these solar energy panels. Furthermore, it may also require the planning and design of buildings and houses in such a way that they could install these panels on their roofs. In addition, this would also mean that the percentage of new skyscrapers would decrease significantly (Nelson & International Food Policy Research Institute 2009). Rather than building new mega cities, industries and others, nations will have to invest their fortunes in building and growing forests. It will have to give back to this planet what it has taken from the planet. Humankind has cut down billions of trees on this planet for the past couple of centuries to make room for its own buildings, cities and other mega structures. However, this is has created a serious misbalance in the overall atmosphere and ecosystems. By stopping the progress and growth of industries and planting trees instead, nations would be able to play their part in saving the planet (Hoffman & Woody, 2008). Plastic bags pose the biggest threat in terms of environmental degradation. These

Quantitative method for finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative method for finance - Essay Example 2. Probability models are models that become relevant when the outcome of interest is not continuous (such as wages per week or stock prices) but rather binary in nature such as, work/not work, survive/not survive etc. In such cases, the simplest possible methodology adoptable is that of the linear probability model or LPM. The response variable of interest, say Y takes the values 0 and 1 only and the approach is to model the expected value of this variable as a linear function of the independent predictor variables X: (ii) The variance of y will be dependent on x. That is, the model will suffer from conditional heteroscedasticity. This violates the homoscedasticity assumption of OLS. Thus, even though estimates will still be unbiased, the OLS estimator will not be efficient and the estimated standard error will be biased. (iii) The error terms are also binary. They can only take the values of or and thus cannot be normally distributed. Therefore, the assumption of normality of errors is also violated and this in turn would imply problems for typical inferential procedures. (iv) Finally, due to the binary nature of the dependent variable, diminishing returns cannot hold. Therefore, the functional form restricts the possibility of obtaining diminishing marginal impacts of the independent variable on the dependent variable. 3. (i) If the condition does not hold, then applying OLS is no longer optimum. The assumption implies the error covariances are zero. This is necessary for OLS estimates to have the â€Å"Best, Linear, Unbiased† properties. If the error covariances are not zero, then the assumption of the Gauss-Markov theorem are not satisfied and thus, the OLS estimates are no longer best, although they are still unbiased and consistent. The main problem arises in the context of inferences. 4. (i) If then the series is said to have a unit root. This implies that the series is non-stationary. This essentially translates to the mean and

Awareness and Attitude of Radiographers Towards Protection

Awareness and Attitude of Radiographers Towards Protection Nor Atiqah Binti Mohd Fouzi RESEARCH TITLE Awareness and attitude of radiographers towards radiation protection PROBLEM STATEMENT The term ‘radiation’ covers a wide spectrum of different forms of energy, most of which have been suspected to cause ill health to human-beings (Mubeen et al., 2008). The use of ionizing radiation in diagnostic radiography may lead to hazards such as somatic and genetic damages. In addition to the use of ionizing radiation for diagnosis could be have slight chances of damage to living tissues. The effects of low level exposure to ionizing radiation are of a concern to large number of people. For example radiology department has the potential to present the harmful effects of radiation (Mojiri and Moghimbeigi, 2011). Thus Personal protection devices is an important way to address the ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA) requirement in radiography. However, its use relies on the attitudes of radiographer to consistently adhere to professional conduct requirements relating to the application of protection devices especially for lead apron, thyroid shield, gonad shield, radiation sign, lead glove and lead goggles (MacKay et al., 2012). Awareness and knowledge of application protection guidelines and instruments among radiology technicians is vital to ensure a safe workplace. Compliance with work and safe radiation protection practices can reduce these risks. The protective measures provided are implemented, to ensure that the risks associated with the use of diagnostic ionizing radiation can be reduced. Therefore, the effect of radiation to the patient or the person responsible for the use of radiation would increase the risk of harm to them. Thus this research intended to answer the question, does radiographer aware of radiation protection and its attitude toward radiation protection? OBJECTIVES General objective The objective of this research to assess the awareness and attitude of radiographers on radiation protection at medical imaging department. Specific objectives To evaluate awareness regarding radiation safety among radiographers. To evaluate personal practices regarding the use of protection devices among radiographers. RESEARCH HYPHOTHESIS Hypothesis 1 Null Hypothesis: The radiographers with low level of work experiences had less knowledge about adverse effects due of radiation. Alternative Hypothesis: The radiographers with high level of work experiences had more knowledge about adverse effects due of radiation. Hypothesis 2 Null Hypothesis: The radiographers with low level of education had less personal practice regarding the use of protection devices. Alternative Hypothesis: The radiographers with high level of education had further personal practice regarding the use of protection devices. LITERATURE REVIEW Radiological examinations are an essential tool for the evaluation of many disorders in daily practice. Ionizing radiation in medical imaging is one of the powerful diagnostic tools in medicine. Radiation which is applied in radiology departments has hazardous effects on biological systems. They produce some type of injury that is incurable. Although all medical interventions have potential benefits, but its potential risks should not be ignored. The cancers risks arise with radiation have been known. Ionizing radiation may effects on gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, gonads or even whole body. These effects may appear as somatic effects or in next generation as genetic effects (Mojiri and Moghimbeigi, 2011). Doses of whatever magnitude are assumed by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to be able to induce what are referred to as †stochastic effects† such as cancers and hereditary disorders (Yucel et al., 2009). Dose-dependent effects are called as â€Å"deterministic effects† that may be responsible for teratogenicity in diagnostic radiology. These effects are also useful for cancer therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy is sometimes given with curative intent that is, with the hope that the treatment will cure a cancer, either by eliminating a tumor, preventing cancer recurrence, or both (Yucel et al., 2009). To minimize the probability of stochastic effects and prevent deterministic effects, the practice of radiology is guided by the radiation protection framework established by the ICRP. One of the important principles of this framework is that of optimization, meaning the use of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) dose without compromising the quality of the image. Optimization, therefore, involves strategies to manage the radiation dose to the patient (Seeram et al., 2013). In addition, a common pattern was the use of automatic exposure control (AEC) and the measurement of constant effective dose, and the use of a dose-area product (DAP) meter (Warlow et al., 2014). Many studies showed that knowledge about ionizing radiation was insufficient among radiographer and physicians who requested radiological procedures, even radiologists who should have had more information than non-radiologists (Yucel et al., 2009). Radiation protection is the science and art of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It is also described as all activities directed towards minimizing radiation exposure of patients and personnel during x-ray exposure. Thus occupational radiation protection is necessity whenever radiation is used in the practice of medicine. Occupational radiation protection measures are necessary for all individuals who work in the diagnostic imaging departments. This includes not only technologists and nurses, but also individuals who may be in a radiation environment only occasionally. All of these individuals may be considered radiation workers, depending on their level of exposure and on national regulations. All workers require appropriate monitoring continuously by common personnel dosimeters like film badge and thermo luminescence dosimeter. They must also receive education and training appropriate to their jobs and protect by tools and equipment. The amount of absorbed dose is related to exposure factors such as kV/ potential difference and mA/ intensity of the beam and time. Personnel protective devices applied for the employee to work safely with the construction of a dose reduction of exposure to personnel. Moreover development and refinement of basic safety standards has a great important role to protect radiology staffs. The level of awareness concerning with radiation protection influences in staff behavior is important. If they have not enough information related to mentioned issue, their action will not be safe and resulted to adverse effects (Mojiri and Moghimbeigi, 2011). METHODOLOGY Study Design Study design will be the cross-sectional study in which the information gather from at least 40 respondents, randomly pick and will be analyzed. Time is provided to them to answer all of the questions in the questionnaire and they need to return back the questionnaire after they finished answering it. All of the data that get from the questionnaires is considered as confidential and all the data will key-in to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of radiographers towards radiation protection. Study Setting This study will be conducted at the hospital will be my practical. Sampling Design and Sample Size In this study, a sample selection of 40 radiographers who have answered the designated questionnaire will be randomly taken out from the target population. Inclusion criteria All radiographer who work in that hospital. Exclusion criteria Clinical students. Research Flow Data Collection Procedures The data collection of 40 respondents will be collected using questionnaires. Radiographers are given questionnaires. They will be asked to fill up the questionnaire. The questionnaire will be asses their awareness regarding radiation safety and their personal practices regarding the use of these protection devices. In producing the questionnaires, I adapted the questionnaires from the previous study which are Takakuwa et al., 2010, Baumann et al, 2011, Sin et al., 2012 Larson et al., 2007. The questionnaires were divided into two sections. The questionnaire has mainly two parts with various questions around radiation protection and safety related to staff and patients. The first part contained information about demographic data like age, sex, work experiences and etc. The second section was about awareness and attitude of employees around protection acts, protection device and dose limit. All the data and details then will be gathered using the standard version of SPSS version 18.0 for windows will be used in a statistical analysis. Data analyzed by Chi square and Fisher exact tests to detect relationship between categorical data. 7.6 Research Tools This study will use hand-out questionnaires in order to obtain data from respondents. Participants for this research are selected when they had finished doing a case related to medical imaging and research done during radiographer have free time. The set of questionnaires set for response are attached in Appendix 1. 7.7 Statistical Consideration The data will be analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. All the data from the data collection form will be gathered to and key in into this software. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to show the relative proportion of radiographer selecting given answers for each question. Chi square and Fisher exact tests will be used to detect relationship between categorical data. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION Research questions pursued in this study are relevant to important health care issues. This study also justified based on the potential scientific value of its results. Statistical procedures to be carried out during this study will be appropriate, and will not be used to manipulate the data just to get significant results. This final result of this study will be published in a thorough and honesty during reporting. Data information that will collect from the respondent will be private and confidential. Approval for this study will be sought from the Faculty of Health Science, MARA University of Technology, which is associated with Imaging Diagnostic Department at the hospital that I would practically then. Furthermore, researchers will complete and sign the application of research ethics to be approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences, MARA University of Technology, to declare that the research has been tied to ethical principles. A copy of the proposal and agreement of the investigation will be included. Head of department and institution approval will submit personally to the respective institutional by the researcher for approval. BUDGET The calculation of estimated budget for this research includes the travelling cost, printing cost, and photocopy. Below is the table of the estimating cost. Table 1: Estimated Cost of the Project PROPOSED TIME FRAME FOR THE PROJECT A Gantt chart is a planning tool that shows graphically the order in which various tasks must be completed and the duration of each activity. Look at table 2 below on the planning of the study to be conducted. Table 2: Gants Chart of the Project